Réunion

Aurore Vicet: Photoacoustic spectroscopy: Basics, sensing developments and applications on breath analysis

In this talk, we will present photoacoustic spectroscopy, its basics and advantages. This technique can be used on gas sensing developments, and the applications are numerous and varied. Here, we will focus on the measurement of atmospheric pollutants and their impact on health. This impact can be assessed through the analysis of exhaled air, using specific biomarkers. We will show that breath analysis can also be a key detection technique in medical diagnosis. This work is being carried out in collaboration between Montpellier University and Montpellier University Hospital.

Bio: Dr. Aurore VICET is a professor in Montpellier University, France, in charge of spectroscopic developments based on tunable lasers: study and characterization of single frequency semiconductor lasers for spectroscopic applications, study and development of laser systems based on photoacoustic techniques in the infra-red, Laser/LED Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy, Si-based oscillators and MEMS.The applications fields of her research are pollutants evaluation in environment and medical diagnosis.

Camille Desjonquères: Understanding and modeling ecosystem structure and function through the lens of ecoacoustics

The speed of global change keeps increasing bringing up dramatic turn over of species assemblages. This can lead to modified ecosystem functions such as changes in pollination rates or seed dispersion. These functions require close monitoring. Monitoring methods based on human observation require a lot of workforce and are usually limited in their spatiotemporal and species coverage. Progress in computing power and data storage fostered the emergence of novel autonomous sampling methods (e.g. metabarcoding, remote sensing, camera traps or acoustic monitoring). The use of acoustic monitoring appears as a convenient solution for an autonomous and automatic monitoring of species dynamics and activity in various ecosystems. In this talk, I present current and possible future possibilities of this type of monitoring to access species interactions and ecosystem functions. My aim is to understand and model the impact of global change through sound. Using data derived from acoustics is expected to improve our predictions of spatiotemporal species dynamics in various ecosystems.

Bio: I am a researcher in Ecoacoustics. My work consists in studying sounds emanating from ecosystems, communities and populations in order to understand their diversity and evolution and interpreting ecological dynamics and functioning. I strive to understand how the biotic and abiotic environment affect acoustic signaling in animals. I am particularly interested in the dynamics of acoustic communities and the effect of social interactions on acoustic signals. I am currently conducting two main lines of research: developing methods of passive acoustic monitoring in various environments (including freshwater) and understanding the role of socially mediated plasticity in rapid adaptation and reproductive isolation.

Catherine Lavandier : Characterizing urban sound environments

Studies about the “Soundscape” started in the sixties with the work of Murray Schafer originally developed in a musical frame. Debates during 50 years converge to a chaired definition of this concept in 2014. In this presentation, I will develop the work I did during these 25 last years about the sound environment which is the acoustical part of the “Soundscape”. I will focus on its characterization for an urban context, from perceptual and objective point of views. The idea is also to propose models of sound quality in order to better predict the pleasantness of a place, even of a route, for pedestrians in a city.

Bio: Catherine Lavandier is an emeritus professor at the CY Cergy Paris University in the ETIS laboratory. She is graduated from a civil engineering school, and got her Master and PhD thesis on the acoustic quality of concert halls. She defended her HDR (Habilitation to Direct Research) on the environmental sound quality. The goal of her researches is to understand how humans perceive their sound environment with a particular interest to urban context and to transportation noise (aircraft and railway noise annoyance).

Nicolas Misdariis: Digital signal processing and audio synthesis for sound design

Sound design is a relatively recent field of design, based on an approach that aims to consider the sound component right from the design phase of an object in order to make an intention audible; or, to put it another way, and to quote Louis Dandrel, a discipline that mainly consists of designing with sound. Its raw material therefore addresses issues of generation, representation, transformation... in other words, the manipulation of a sound object that is most often digital – or digitised – and for which signal processing and sound synthesis are essential and fertile tools. More specifically, one of the major issues in the sound design process concerns the transition from ideation to realisation. The question is how to move from a symbolic representation (graphic, semantic or even simplified audio) to a sound artefact – even at the sketch or prototype stage – capable of meeting functional and aesthetic specifications. This often weak but crucial link in the design process will be explained and illustrated by experiments and implementations carried out as part of various research-project approaches that have enabled us to acquire new knowledge in the field as much as to provide solutions to an applied problem.

Bio: Nicolas Misdariis is a research director, head of the Sound Perception & Design group in the Ircam STMS Lab. He is graduated from an engineering school. He got his Master thesis on applied acoustics and his PhD on musical and environmental acoustics. He defended his HDR (Habilitation to Direct Research) on the topic of Sciences of Sound Design. He has been working at Ircam as a research fellow since 1995.

During that time, he developed research works and industrial applications related to sound synthesis

and reproduction, environmental sound and soundscape perception, auditory display, human-machine

interfaces, interactive sonification and sound design. Since 2010, he is also a regular lecturer in the

Sound Design Master at the High School of Art and Design in Le Mans (ESAD TALM, Le Mans).